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제목 |
Studies on the History of Leprosy in Korea |
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저자 |
Seung Chul Karl(Director: Prof. Joon Lew) |
소속 |
Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea |
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년도 |
1960 |
권 |
1 |
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호 |
1 |
번호 |
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시작페이지 |
13 |
끝페이지 |
31 |
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첨부 |
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요약 |
Leprosy has been one of the most dreadful tragedy of human disease ever since
prehistorical era of human civilization.
There were three largest leprosy areas in the world in ancient ages. The first was
North African continent, the second, India and the third was China. The North African
continent was the oldest focus and the leprosy in India and China may have followed
by the former place.
The leprosy in North African continent spread to the world toward West and East
through middle Asia.
The author attempted to clarify the course of the introduction of leprosy to Korea, and
its historical background.
Korean peninsula, attached to the Asian continent, has had close cultural association for
many thousand years with continental civilization.
On the history of leprosy in Korea, we find some descriptions in classic medical books
and modern literatures on leprosy. But the most of them are too incomplete to get the
thorough informations.
So, the author collected the relatively more complete informations from the following
reference; (1). Ordinary Korean classics; Sam-kook-yoo-sa, Sam-kook-sa-ki, Ko-ryo-sa
and Ii-cho-shil-rock, (2). Classic Korean medical books; Hyang-yack-koo-keup-bang,
Hyang-yack-jip-sung-bang, Jae-joong-shin-kam, (3). Modern medical literatures; Kim's
"History of infectious diseases in Korea", Rai's "History of leprosy in China",
Miyakawa's "History of leprosy in Japan", Miki's "Medical History", Miki's "History of
diseasea in Korea", La Lepro(Japanese), International Journal of Leprosy, Leprosy
Review, and other text books on leprosy.
Conclusions:
(1). The history of leprosy in China is traced back to around 2700 B.C., before the age
of Confucius, and ever since a certain part of China is regarded one of the heavist
endemic focus of leprosy in the world.
There was no historical record in which leprosy had been introduced from China into
Korea, even having had the close relationships through cultural and economical trades
between the two countries since ancient times.
(2). The most reliable records on leprosy in Japan have been described since 700 A.D.,
while there were some doubtful descriptions on leprosy cases in mythological ages of
Japan.
(3). The prevalence of leprosy in Korea with rather definite description appears in 1400
A.D. and the endemic focuses of leprosy at that time were Jae-joo Island and
Kyung-sang province which are closely located to the islands of Japan and Oceanian
teritories. It indicates that the leprosy endemy in Korea were occurred at least 700 years
later than in Japan.
(4). The terms refering to leprosy were various and many synonyms were used;
Man-jil( 질(疾), refers to a disease which is epidemic and malignant with high mortality),
Ack-byung(악병(惡病), bad disease), Ach-chang(악창(惡瘡), bad ulcer of eruption), Ack-jil(악질(惡疾),
devil disease), Dae-poong-chang(대풍창(大風瘡), large eruption with ulcer), Dae-poong-na(대풍(大風)
나(癩), large eruptive leprosy), Yong-byung(용병(龍病), dragon disease), Dae-ma-poong-chang(대(大)
마풍창(麻風瘡), large anaethetic eruptive ulcer), Na-jil(나질(癩疾), leprosy), Na-byung(나병(癩病), leprosy),
Moon-dong-byung(문동병, family disease), yong-chun-bang-ie(용천뱅이, drived from
Yong-byung, dragon disease refering to a person with ugly face and severe
disfigurement), Ma-mok-jung(마목증(麻木症), a sickness having the symptoms of Ma and Mok,
Ma refers to a very slight anaesthetic sensation, a loss of sensation felt underneath of
one layer of flex fiber. Mok, wood refers to a complete loss of sensation felt underneath
of a wooden bond) and Chun-hyung-byung(천형병(天刑病), god punished disease).
The terms, Man-jil, Ack-byung, Ack-chang and Ack-jil were not specific to leprosy
although those terms included the disease at the time. However rest of the terms were
specific to leprosy of present concept.
(5). The symptoms of leprosy in the era of fourteen hundredths were rather definitive
to the symptoms of present-day concepts; Pi-bu-bul-in(피부불인(皮膚不仁), irregularity of skin).
Un-jin-jeuk-huk( 진적흑(疹赤黑), skin eruptions with red and black pigmentations),
Yoo-dang-ko-mok(유동후목(猶同朽木), resemblance to decayed wood), Ham-ja-bul-tong(침랄불통(鍼剌不痛),
no pain with needle sticks), Pi-boo-keun-jeul-kyae-san(피부근절괴산(皮膚筋節壞散), ulcer and
amputation with needle sticks), Pi-sa-ma-mok-bool-in(피사마목불인(皮死麻木不仁), loss of sensation
and irregularity due to death of skin), Yook-sa-hwall-jul-bool-tong(육사할절불통(肉死割切不痛), no
pain by cutting due to death of a part of body), Soo-jok-tall-rack(수족탈락(手足脫落), loss of
fingers and toes), Mi-ryang-boong-woo(비량붕(鼻梁崩) , destroyment of the ridge of nose) and
An-dan-soon-bun-sung-ae(안단(眼斷) 산성아(蒜聲啞), loss of eye sight, turn out of lips and
hoarseness).
(6). The classic methods in the treatment of leprosy in Korea were medical theraphy,
maxacautery, acupuncture theraphy and bathing and the major medicaments were
composed of Ko-sam(고삼(苦蔘)).
(7). Infectiousness of leprosy was recognized in early fourteen hundredths and the
segregation and relief measures by the state were practiced.
(8). The introduction of leprosy to Korean peninsula was assumed through Japan and
Oceanian islands with following evidences.
A). There is evidences of leprosy endemics in the history neither in the Northern
provinces of Korea, Pyung-an and Ham-kyung, which have been the continental
pathway to Korea from China, nor in the Choong-chung province which has been the
main portal pathway from China, although China has been one of the most endemic
focus of leprosy from ancient.
B). The earliest endemic area of leprosy in Korea were southern parts of the
peninsula, Jae-joo island and Kyung-sang provinces, those have been the gate-way
from islands of Japan and Oceanian to Korea peninsula.
C). The earliest description of leprosy in Korea appears in the literature about 700
years later than in Japan. |
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내용 |
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