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제목 |
Experimental Tranmission of M. leprae in the Korean Chipmunks (Tamias sibiricus asiaticud, Gmelin) |
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저자 |
Joon Lew, Woo Sup Byun |
소속 |
Dept. of Microbiology College of Medicine Yonsei University |
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년도 |
1975 |
권 |
9 |
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호 |
1 |
번호 |
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시작페이지 |
1 |
끝페이지 |
16 |
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첨부 |
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요약 |
Shepard (1960a, 1960b) observed that inoculation of M. leprae derived from nasal
excretions and nodules of leprosy patient into foot pads of mice resulted in a consistent
but limited growth of the organism. In the following years Shepard’s observations have
been amply confirmed and extended (Shepard, 1962, 1963, 1965a; Janssens and Pattyn,
1963 ; Kirchheimer, 1964: Rees, 1964, 1965; Shepard and McRae, 1965; Rees and Weddell,
1970; Yang and Lew, 1971). The resolution that M. leprae would grow in mouse foot
pad was officially made at the Ⅷth International Congress of Leprology, Rio do Janeiro
in 1963.
It is now well accepted that M. leprae will grow to a limited extent in the mouse foot
pad, and that Shepard’s technic of foot pad inoculation has become a standard method
of animal inoculation of M. leprae in the laboratory. In addition to the mouse system, a
similar pattern of growth of M. leprae has been observed in a number of other rodents
(Niven and Waters, 1963; Waters, 1965; Waters and Niven, 1965; Hilson, 1965).
The mouse foot pad technic has been widely applied in the studies of leprosy, i.e., 1)
screening and selection of antileprosy drugs and determination of effective dosages of
drugs (Shepard and Chang, 1962; Shepard et al., 1966; Rees, 1967a; Shepard, 1969; Rees
et al., 1970; Ozawa et at., 1971), 2) measurement of generation time of M. leprae
(Shepard and McRae, 1965), 3) confirmation of the viability of M. leprae in regards of
staining characteristics (“solid-staining”) (Shepard and McRae, 1965, Rees, 1965), 4)
identification of dapsone-resistant strains of M. leprae (Rees, 1967b; Rees and Weddell,
1970) and 5) the evaluation of effectiveness of BCG vaccination as a prophylactic
measure against leprosy infection (Shepard, 1965b; Shepard and Ribi, 1968).
Though some features of generalized infection of mice with M. leprae have been
observed in the thymectomized and total body irradiated mice (Rees and Weddell, 1970),
a definite ceiling effect became evident on the maximal number of M. leprae grown in
the foot pads of immunologically competent mice (Shepard, 1960a , Rees and Weddell,
1970).
Since 1967 we have been working on the experimental infection of the Korean
chipmunks(Tamias sibiricus asiaticus, Gmelin) with M. leprae as a search for a better
animal host in the study of human leprosy. Application of the Korean chipmunks as
experimental animals for the growth of M. leprae is based on the facts, i.e., 1) the
chipmunks are readily available in large numbers and they can be easily maintained in
the laboratory for experimental purpose, 2) an average life span of the chipmunks is
known to be approximately 7 years which is far longer than that of mouse and 3) the
chipmunks proved to be highly susceptible to experimental infection with M. tuberculosis
(Chang et at., 1971).
In this communication we present the evidences of active growth of M. leprae in foot
pads and ear lobes of the chipmunks, major characteristics of pathological changes in
these inoculated tissues, and the result of clinical study in a series of leprosy patients of
the chipmunk lepromin antigen prepared from infected chipmunks’ foot pads. |
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